Senior Adviser to the Pandemic Center, Adjunct Professor of the Practice in the Department of Epidemiology at the Brown University School of Public Health
A serial entrepreneur and pioneer in global public health for more than 35 years, Dr. Berkley has been a champion of equitable access to vaccines and of innovation, and a driving force to improve the way the world prevents and responds to infectious disease. From 2011 to 2023 Berkley served as CEO of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. During his tenure at Gavi, Berkley led a team that worked toward broadening global immunization access, resulting in more than half of the world’s children being vaccinated annually. His leadership was equally significant in co-founding and spearheading COVAX, an initiative that facilitated the distribution of over 2 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses to 146 nations.
As a senior advisor to the Pandemic Center, Dr. Berkley joins an interdisciplinary team that takes a holistic approach to pandemic preparedness. His global health leadership experience will bolster the Center’s efforts to build resilience to biological threats around the world and help mitigate their impact.
Professor at Brown Univeristy School of Public Health and former CEO of GAVI, the vaccine alliance, Dr Seth Berkley championed equitable access to vaccines and co-founded Covax during the pandemic. In an interview with Sunday Times he watns of the repercussions of abrupt fund cuts
Excerpts:
About this episode:
For 25 years, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance has been a global effort to purchase and distribute lifesaving vaccines to the poorest of countries and help them build up their health systems. Now, it’s the latest chop in a blitz of proposed federal funding cuts to global health. In this episode: an overview of Gavi’s innovative model that buys vaccines for 50% of the world’s children and has prevented around 19 million deaths, and the catastrophic potential if the U.S. withdraws its financial support.
Guest:
Dr. Seth Berkley is the former CEO of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. He is a senior advisor to the Pandemic Center and an adjunct professor of the practice in epidemiology at the Brown University School of Public Health. His new book, Fair Doses, will be released next fall.
Host:
Stephanie Desmon, MA, is a former journalist, author, and the director of public relations and communications for the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, the largest center at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
What are the biggest threats to the health security of the American people? There are some strong candidates. Avian influenza is spreading in birds, cattle, and 50 mammalian species. Measles cases are surging at home and abroad. COVID-19 is still spreading and could mutate into a more deadly strain. Farther afield, Uganda continues to respond to an Ebola outbreak and Mpox has been seen in 127 countries. But perhaps the biggest threat to America’s health could be self-inflicted. According to a report published yesterday in the New York Times, our leaders intend to end funding for international immunization programs—including the Gavi Alliance I led from 2011 to 2023—that for decades have protected Americans from health threats abroad. These cuts would represent a grave threat to the health, well-being, and livelihoods of every American.
Devex sat down with the former head of Gavi to discuss the difficult times ahead as the foreign aid landscape drastically changes; what this could mean for the health of the world's population, and where priorities should lie.
The health of the world’s population exists on shaky grounds amid widespread cuts in foreign aid and the U.S.’s withdrawal from global cooperation.
Berkley served as head of Gavi from 2011 to 2023, and now works in advisory roles for organizations, such as the Serum Institute of India, in areas such as vaccines, and other interventions for diseases impacting low- and middle-income countries.
His tenure at Gavi included a tumultuous period where there was extraordinary need for international solidarity and cooperation: The COVID-19 pandemic. This cooperation was present in some ways as countries banded together to create COVAX, the world’s attempt at vaccine equity — which Berkley led. But in other ways, it fell completely flat, including when wealthy countries hoarded vaccines.
It is a deadly disease linked to high temperatures, airborne dust, and overcrowded living conditions – some of the very conditions that climate change threatens to exacerbate . It caused an estimated 250,000 deaths in 2019, ranks among the top killers of young children, and can leave survivors with brain damage and hearing loss.
This disease is bacterial meningococcal meningitis, and it can appear anywhere at any time. But it disproportionately affects the Meningitis Belt, which stretches across 26 countries in Africa and is home to hundreds of millions of people. Each year, this region experiences hot and dusty conditions that can enable meningitis to spread, and every 5-12 years, has devastating epidemics causing massive disease.
The good news? Meningitis can be defeated. In fact, the world managed to effectively eliminate the most common cause in the Meningitis Belt: meningitis A, where not a single case of that strain has been reported since 2017.
As we mark World Meningitis Day on October 5, we should work to build on this remarkable success by following a World Health Organization (WHO) road map that lays out what needs to be done to eliminate meningitis as a public health threat by 2030. But achieving this requires us to act together and decide to dedicate resources to preventing new cases and outbreaks, including deploying the most state-of-the-art vaccines, investing in diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance, and doing all we can to support people who survive meningitis. Doing so by 2030 would prevent nearly a million deaths and 800,000 people from living with the devastating consequences of infection.
First, prevention. Vaccines are available to prevent bacterial meningitis, and it was the widespread deployment of MenAfriVac®, a vaccine developed by the Meningitis Vaccine Project (MVP), a partnership between WHO, Serum Institute of India, and PATH, that helped effectively eliminate meningitis A in the Meningitis Belt.
Other strains of meningitis are rising, and may be moving into the ecological niche that meningitis A used to fill, but new tools are available. The MenFive® vaccine protects against a broader range of five strains including meningitis A. It has received WHO prequalification and has been recommended for use in the Meningitis Belt by the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization, which encouraged countries to switch to the newer vaccine.
Nigeria is leading the way with support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, becoming the first country to launch a vaccination campaign with MenFive® in response to an epidemic and is now considering introducing it routinely to prevent cases and epidemics. More countries should follow suit and build on Nigeria’s leadership by integrating the vaccine into their routine immunization programmes to ensure long-term protection against meningitis. Effectively eliminating meningococcal meningitis, A involved vaccination efforts across 24 countries in the Meningitis Belt. A similarly comprehensive campaign to roll out a vaccine that provides broader coverage against growing strains is needed to help save more lives.
Prevention is an important step, but not the final one. Rapid diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are key for a disease that can kill within 24 hours. Diagnostics are available but have their limitations, especially in the resource-limited environments found in many Meningitis Belt countries, where health workers may not have access to the necessary training or tools. More affordable, simpler, and rapid point of care tests are needed to help save as many lives as possible.
Beyond diagnosis, bacterial meningitis can be treated with antibiotics, but certain medicines may not always be available or appropriate depending on the nature of the infection. Updated treatment guidelines are needed, especially given the growing global threat of antimicrobial resistance.
In addition, improved surveillance is needed to address a persistent lack of information. Without detection, outbreak response efforts, including mass vaccination campaigns, may be delayed, and it is difficult to understand how different strains of the disease are evolving.
Finally, we must help care for survivors, one of every five of whom lives with severe issues like brain damage, and hearing and vision loss. Rehabilitative care can be prohibitively expensive or simply not available at all. Health workers need to be trained and equipped to help survivors navigate their lives.
There is much to be done to eliminate meningitis by 2030. But thankfully, we know it is possible. The effective elimination of meningitis A in the meningitis belt shows that it can be done, and the WHO road map points the way. The science and the know-how exist, but we still must dedicate the will and resources. Lives depend on it.
Seth Berkley, MD, is an Adjunct Professor at the Pandemic Center, Brown University School of Public Health and an advisor to numerous technology and vaccine companies including the Serum Institute of India. He served as CEO of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance from 2011-2023.
Samba O. Sow, MD, MSc, FASTMH, is the Directeur Général CVD-Mali. He served as Minister of Health and Public Hygiene for Mali from 2017-2019.
Seth Berkley, M.D., Arup Chakraborty, Ph.D., and Ashish Jha, M.D., MPH, join the Board
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Sept. 24, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Apriori Bio, a biotechnology company aimed at providing humanity with variant-resilient protection against rapidly-evolving viruses, announced today the addition of three esteemed leaders to its Board of Directors. The new directors include Seth Berkley, M.D., former CEO of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Arup Chakraborty, Ph.D., Scientific Advisor and Academic Partner at Flagship Pioneering, and Ashish Jha, M.D., MPH, former White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator. They join Board Chair Lovisa Afzelius, Ph.D., General Partner at Flagship Pioneering and Co-Founder and CEO of Apriori, and Travis Wilson, Growth Partner at Flagship Pioneering.
The Board will support Apriori's leadership team and the company as they advance Octavia™, Apriori's biology-informed artificial intelligence platform, for the development of vaccines to protect against current and potential viral threats.
"I am pleased to welcome Seth, Arup and Ashish to Apriori's Board of Directors," said Board Chair Lovisa Afzelius, Ph.D., General Partner at Flagship Pioneering and Co-Founder and CEO of Apriori. "When we launched Apriori, we set out to create a future where we can get ahead of viruses, instead of chasing them as they evolve. The unparalleled wisdom and experience of Seth, Arup and Ashish will be instrumental as we pioneer transformative solutions to better protect the global community against viral threats."
Apriori, a 2023 World Economic Forum Technology Pioneer, recently received a grant from CEPI to further advance Octavia to focus on viruses beyond coronaviruses. The research Apriori conducts on this front will feed into and be supported by CEPI's newly established Biosecurity function.
Seth Berkley, M.D.
Seth, a medical doctor and infectious disease epidemiologist, is an advisor to the Pandemic Center at the Brown University School of Public Health and several biotech, vaccine and technology companies. Previously, Seth was the CEO of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. Under his leadership, Gavi accelerated global immunization access in its mission to save lives, reduce poverty and protect the world against the threat of epidemics and pandemics. He also co-founded and led COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX), which provided more than two billion COVID-19 vaccine doses to 146 countries, and founded the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. Seth has worked with the Special Pathogens Branch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, the Ministry of Health of Uganda and the Rockefeller Foundation. In 2022, he was elected to the National Academy of Medicine and has been recognized by several publications for his contributions to global health, including Newsweek, TIME and WIRED.
Arup Chakraborty, Ph.D.
Arup is a scientific advisor and academic partner at Flagship Pioneering. He is one of a maximum of 12 Institute Professors at MIT, the highest rank awarded to a MIT faculty member. He is also a professor of chemical engineering, physics and chemistry. Arup was the founding director of MIT's Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and is a founding member of the Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH and Harvard. For over two decades, Arup's work has largely focused on bringing together approaches from immunology, physics and engineering. Arup is one of less than 30 individuals who are members of all three branches of the US National Academies – National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Medicine and National Academy of Engineering.
Ashish Jha, M.D., MPH
Ashish is the former White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator, appointed by President Joe Biden. While serving in this role, he led the work that increased the development of and access to treatments and newly formulated vaccines, dramatically improved testing and surveillance, facilitated major investments in indoor air quality measures and put in place an infrastructure to respond to current and future disease outbreaks more effectively. Before his appointment to the White House, Ashish served as the Dean of the Brown School of Public Health and a Professor of Health, Policy, and Practice. Prior to joining Brown University, Ashish was the Faculty Director of the Harvard Global Health Institute from 2014 until 2020 and served as the Dean for Global Strategy at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health from 2018 to 2020. He is also a practicing physician with deep expertise in infectious diseases.
About Apriori Bio
Apriori is working to create a world that is protected against viral threats. Our pioneering approach centers on a unique technology platform, Octavia™, which allows us to survey the entire landscape of existing and potential variants to design new vaccines against the most threatening viruses. Octavia can also inform public health policy in real time by predicting the impact of emerging variants. Apriori was founded in 2020 in Flagship Labs, a unit of Flagship Pioneering. For more information visit www.aprioribio.com or follow us on LinkedIn and X at @AprioriBio.
